The young shoots of the pear turn black and dry. Pear: all leaf diseases and methods for their treatment. How to process a pear from diseases: chemistry or natural means.

An abundant fruit harvest is the merit of an attentive gardener who carefully grows varietal trees for several years. But what if the pear leaves turn black? For a complete overview of common pathogens and pests, see our short article.

Black spots on the pear can appear for various reasons.

The principle of collecting the forehead of these plants is as follows. On the one hand, we store creanga at the base and on the other hand we draw leaves for ourselves. As a result, we have several leaves. We try not to use wood. Strawberry tea is ready for picking fruit when processing parcels.

Tea leaves can be harvested throughout the season. In the spring they are beautiful, it is easier to roam. A delicate delicate tea is obtained. In autumn, the leaves become stiffer, they become harder and ferment longer. Before fermentation, the collected leaves dry them. They take them 4-8 hours until they soften. For subsequent fermentation of all these plants, they are given out by a grinding machine, because the grains are better obtained.

reference Information

Pear is a popular fruit tree from the Rosaceae family, which has been cultivated by humans for over 2 thousand years. A strong plant with a pyramidal or rounded crown under suitable conditions reaches 25 m in height. Wide oval leaves grow up to 10 cm long.

Elongated juicy fruit is a storehouse of vitamins and minerals that are beneficial for humans. Scientists have noticed: the stronger the aroma of a pear, the more trace elements in it. The low calorie content has made him a favorite on the diet menu.

Periodically check if the fabric is dried. Fermentation of leaves occurs within 6-8 hours, depending on temperature. The smell of mass during fermentation does not change the cardinal, it simply intensifies and receives interesting notes - each plant has its own aromas. It is important to correct the strongest odor.

Periodically mixed with a wooden spoon. It is important not to get rid of the end time, otherwise the tea may lose its taste. Bone marrow mosaic is a common disease in gardens in Europe and America. The virus is found in many varieties of apple varieties, and in very sensitive varieties the damage can reach 40% of production.

Prominent pear variety resistant to disease

Breeders bred more than 65 varieties of the popular fruit tree, which are divided into three groups.

The early ones. Rapid ripening does not at all affect the quality and taste characteristics of fruits that are enjoyed in the summer (Duchesse, Favorite Clapp, Rosie).
Medium. Autumn pears are stored much longer than the earlier ones (Rogneda, Larinskaya, Michurinskaya Beauty).
Late. Long-term maturation has a positive effect on the general taste and keeping quality (“Saratovka”, “Bere Ardanpon”, “Pass-Crassan”).

Pears are undemanding to care, so they are suitable even for beginner gardeners. Violation of the minimum cultivation rules will provoke problems.

The disease manifests itself exclusively on the leaves. As a result of the attack, irregular spots appear in the form of a creamy yellow shape, unevenly distributed over the surface of the tongue. The attack occurs only on some leaves, usually young, from the top of the shells, and not the attackers. The attacking leaves are strong and severe. High summer temperatures make the leaves of the attacking leaves brown.

Firmly attacking trees grow thinly and produce low production. Leaves fall before the time of trees, especially young ones. The fruits of diseased trees are small and have low palatability. The varieties are sensitive: Jonathan, Golden Tasty and less sensitive: Parmen Auriu, Ontario, as well as some more tolerant varieties. Transmission of the virus and its rescue is carried out by vaccination or inoculation, symptoms of the disease that occur next week or next spring. The virus is also transmitted through seeds and seedlings from nurseries with root root anastomoses.

Inexperienced farmers often do not know why the tree is “naughty”, which leads to disastrous consequences.

Causes of the disease

Novice gardeners are faced with a situation when a healthy plant suddenly begins to darken foliage. The culprits of the disease are many, therefore, before starting treatment, you need to correctly establish the diagnosis.

Phytosanitary control is recommended in nurseries, removal of virgin trees, use for vaccination only in grafted and porous branches. Also, during cutting and cutting of cuttings, all cultural hygiene measures are followed. Fruit tree cancer is a bacterial disease that spreads around the world.

Bacterial cancer can be harvested outside of trees, beets, sunflowers, tobacco, tomatoes, and usually plants from more than 60 families. Monocotyledonous people are not attacked. These tumors can occur on all organs of woody or herbaceous plants at the end of the growing season. Bacterial root cancer and premise. The formation of tumors is associated with exaggerated secretions of plant cells due to the presence of bacteria. In the structure of some tumors there are many islands in which the wood is located outward and free from internal, due to the effective functioning of the bumper.

Care Mistakes

An inexperienced gardener does not immediately determine by eye what caused the blackening of the green mass. Deficiency of nutrients provokes deformation of shoots and young foliage, which negatively affects the appearance of the pear and its further development.

The color change from the edge of the sheet plate with a gradual transition of black to the tops is a lack of calcium. The addition of calcium nitrate every second watering will gradually make up for the loss.

The cytological appearance of the tissues present inside the tumor is very similar to that found in humans and animals. In the section of the tumor, large giant cells surrounded by normal-sized cells are observed. Giant cells with a hypertrophied nucleus, giant polynuclear cells or cells with many smaller cells, heteroploidy phenomena, cancer cell lines, asphyxia in tissues can also be observed. Many cells retain dyes strongly. There are relatively few bacteria inside the tumors compared to their parasitic effect.

Calcium deficiency is manifested by blackened leaves.

Boron deficiency is manifested in the blackening of green mass with a gradual deformation of young shoots and inhibition of seedling growth. Spraying and watering with boric acid will help get rid of the missing trace element. Remember: regular feeding with complex fertilizers will help strengthen the pear's immunity and become the key to an excellent harvest. Recommended treatments:

In addition, there are accumulations of organic acids in the tumors. Organo-forming substances have also been accumulated, such as indoleacetic acid, which is a carcinogen, but in moderate doses it is a growth promoter. The presence of tumors at the root level and especially at the level of the premise conveys the growth and development of trees, especially young ones.

Another manifestation of hypertrophy, which is less common in nurseries, is especially common in apples - the appearance of fiery roots that look like fluffy. They form from tumors and first become soft, and then become strong, fibrous.

in the spring;
before flowering;
during the appearance of the first ovary.

Insufficient humidity becomes the reason why the leaves of popular fruit trees turn black and dry. It is difficult for the southern varieties to endure the sizzling heat of the domestic summer and the abundant amount of dust. Only a drip irrigation system will help to correct the situation. If it is not possible to install the structure, we recommend sprinkling the garden in the morning and evening.

The bacteria are in the form of a baston with one polar flag. They are gram-negative, aerobic, non-acid asporogenic. Mechanical wounds produced by trees during maintenance work, insect attacks, hail attacks destroy the integrity of the cortex and contribute to infection by these bacteria.

The pathogenesis of bacterial cancer consists of four stages. The stage of transformation of normal cells into tumor cells. This stage consists of three phases: conditioning, induction and tumor proliferation. The doubling stage, when disordered propagation of tumor cells occurs, and then metastases.

Insects

A parsnip on a pear gives a black sticky coating

A pear gall mite leads a secretive lifestyle, so you can not immediately find it in the garden. A small insect hides inside the buds and, with the first warm days, attacks the young leaves of the trees. The result of the activity is the appearance of black marks.

The stage of organization of cellular elements and at a certain level, the differentiation of cells with the appearance of conductive vessels. Stage of aggression and tumor necrosis. Although this is one of the most studied plant diseases, there are still many gaps in explaining the mechanism of tumor formation, and even with regard to the etiology of the disease, opinions are contradictory. Opinions exist that promote the viral etiology of cancer, bacteria that inoculate localized viruses on chromosomes. This also explains the imbalance between a small number of bacteria and the effect of the parasitic particles that they cause in parasitic plants.

Pear gall mite on leaf

During the growing season and during flowering, you can not use chemicals, so they prefer folk remedies:

a decoction of onion husks and tansy;
infusion of garlic.

The transport of bacteria in the soil occurs with irrigation water or rainwater, which cleanses the tumors and trains bacteria that can withstand the winter in the soil without losing virulence. The bacterium is found in the kidneys, feces, on the young roots of the roots and is resistant to dishes.

In our country. Aridobacter p.v. The following preventive and control measures are required. Avoid placing nurseries and gardens in wet and cold clay fields. Phytosanitary control is carried out; Young attacked trees will be destroyed. Rhubarb, peach, and plum jam will be sanitized with organic mercury products before sowing.

Onion husk broth - disease prevention

Scab

A common fungal disease affects not only leaves, but also flowers, shoots and fruits. Why does a pear get sick?

Weather. Humidity and an abundance of precipitation provoke the appearance of an ailment, and also increase the distribution area.
Unstable varieties. When choosing seedlings, always pay attention to the characteristics of the tree. The most prone to defeat are Forest Beauty, Marianne, Yakovlev's Favorite, and Phelps.
Age. Young plants and old-timers of the garden are at risk.

Measures are being taken to control insects in nurseries and, in particular, in jaw larvae. Avoid injury during vaccination and during gardening, wounds received will be chewed. Fertilization should be done more with phosphorus and potassium. Infected fields have been cultivated for many years with cereals that are not attacked by bacteria.

The bacterium is polyvalent, attacking several species of fruit trees and other plants of the family. Rosacea: Malus, Feast of Sidonia, Krateg, Spirea. The disease appears in all plant organisms outside the roots, while the symptoms vary depending on the parasitic organ.

Scab on pear - black spots on the leaves

Disputes of the disease winter in fallen leaves and cut branches, so experienced farmers are not advised to leave plant debris for the winter. In extreme cases, in early spring, all garbage is removed before the onset of the vegetative period. The disease penetrates through cracks into the bark of trees and actively grows under favorable conditions. In a state of neglect, getting rid of scab is very difficult.

On the leaves: translucent benches appear that stretch and lead to the destruction of the entire foliage of the tree. Leaves do not fall from the tree, even when the branches are shaken violently. On the colors: the attack can be confused with what was produced using moliosis; They fade and blur.

Fruits: they are attacked from the moment of legality to adulthood. Most of them suffer from young fruits, with black spots of wet appearance. Fruits rustle, black and white, even on branches even in winter. The most widely known form of attack on young shoots, branches and trunks. The attack can begin with a dead bud, around which the bark becomes necrotic, becomes gray-closed, dry, sticks to the tree.

“With the disease running, part of the crop is lost altogether, the surviving fruits have low taste, are stiff and have spots on the peel.”

Preventive treatment of plants is the key to pear health.

Procedures are carried out repeatedly. In regions with high humidity, spring spraying with Bordeaux liquid is recommended, and less aggressive preparations such as Chorus and Topaz are used before flowering and fruit setting.

On a strain, the disease is manifested by sclerosis and frying of the cortex in the nodes, and the parenchyma of the cortex and super adheres to the forest. If the bark expands, the tree dries. Depending on the attacking organ, the disease is called: burning leaves, buds, branches, flowers. During wet periods on the affected organs of the tree, and especially in the bark, translucent, mucous droplets, represented by bacterial colonies that go outside, are observed. In dry time, bacterial colonies are dehydrated and form some transparent cellophane sheets that cover parts of the attacked organ.

One of the most dangerous ailments of fruit trees is an infectious disease. The disease was first recorded at the end of the 18th century in the United States, from where it already moved to Europe in the middle of the 20th century. Bacteria affect the vascular system of the pear and gradually spread throughout the plant. As a result, signs appear:

Climatic factors contributing to the development of the disease are high humidity and temperature. The disease manifests itself strongly in the spring: May-June and autumn-September-October, while in the summer moons its evolution stagnates. Various mechanical damage caused by tree collapse and insect attacks favor bacterial infections and the spread of the disease.

In winter, bacteria resist the marginal areas of ulcers on branches and chests, but also on kidneys, diseased fruits and branches. Spring becomes active, multiplies and, thus, forms the primary inoculum from which it spreads, especially by rain, but also by insects. Flowing onto flowers, it penetrates through natural openings or wounds. After lysis of the cells, exudate is formed that bacteria in the internal and external forms of such a source of inoculum for secondary infections of fruits, shoots and stem.

leaves, shoots turn black (spots similar to a burn from a fire);
tissue dies;
trees dump green mass, flowers, fruits.

A bacterial burn can completely destroy a tree

Infection occurs in places of cracks and wounds, transmitted through the stomata of foliage. The disease affects healthy vegetation through an infected tool that the negligent gardener has not previously disinfected.

It was found that hair is more sensitive than an apple. These pathogens are quarantine parasites. Thus, the following preventive and control measures are taken. To prevent the spread of the disease, nurseries are subjected to phytosanitary control, and diseased trees burn. Around the nurseries, trees and shrubs attacked by these bacteria, especially the Kratess shrub, are destroyed. Wounds caused by incisions are disinfected with 3% limestone chloride or 4% formalin, and cutting tools are also disinfected.

Often, diseased seedlings become the cause of the destruction of adult pears, since in a neglected state it makes no sense to save the garden.

The first signs of the disease appear in June in the form of a slight browning of the edge of the leaf blades. Why does infection happen? Scientists have not yet determined the main cause of the disease, but noticed that pears overfed with fertilizers or overloaded with fruits are at risk. The peak of activation occurs in the humid hot period, when the leaves and shoots turn black.

Careful attention is paid to nurseries, knowing that cold and moist soils favor spring sickness, before starting vegetation, nurseries are sprinkled with a mixture of elevated corrosion parts, two parts cyanide, 500 parts water.

Apple fall is an important task for fruit growing, because the disease causes serious damage to nurseries and orchards, especially for some susceptible varieties in certain years with favorable conditions for the development of the fungus. The disease manifests itself throughout the growing season, starting with the breast and falling leaves, with high intensity in May and early June.

The sooner the fight against the disease begins, the more effective the outcome. To confirm the presence of bacteria of infection, you need to conduct laboratory tests. For analysis use:

dead shoots;
infected bark;
fluid at the site of the disease.

agrimycin;
penicillin;
thiomycin.

To prevent the spread of a bacterial burn in the garden, all tools must be sanitized. Regular spring treatments with copper sulphate and iron sulfate before starting vegetative development are recommended.

Remember: if the therapy did not help, the tree is destroyed.

“To improve the microbiological situation around the tree, it is useful to spread decaying organic matter (grass, tops, etc.) under the crown, without tearing to the trunk, and, until late fall, monitor the thickness of the layer and tossing more if necessary.”

Lack of attention or irrational care of the pear garden is the reason why the foliage turns black. Disease is a signal to the owner to change the rules of cultivation and take immediate measures to rid the trees of diseases or pests.

Record Pear: from which diseases the leaves turn black SeloMoe first appeared.

The pear requires special attention and care of the gardener, needs competent care and certain weather conditions.

The climatic conditions of the southern regions are very favorable for growing pear trees.

However, when planting certain varieties and quality care, the pear bears fruit in the more northern regions of the Russian Federation.

But even if all planting and maintenance requirements are met, the pear can deteriorate and dry.

Causes of Pear Drying

The reasons for the drying of the pear can be both weather conditions and pests - insects. It is important to understand that on the same land, trees react differently to the same growth conditions. The general condition of the fruit tree depends on the variety, the age of the seedling, and soil.

Improper care and fit

A pear is more demanding on planting conditions and on caring for it than an apple tree. The best habitat for her is the elevated areas and the upper parts of the slopes. The tree grows well on soils quite loose, permeable to water and air, with low standing groundwater and at the same time quite moisture-resistant. A plot is prepared for planting in the fall, evenly distributing fertilizers over it, and digged. If the soil is acidic add lime. The fruit tree planting pit should be 1m wide and 0.6m deep.

If a pit for planting is prepared in the fall, then the root neck of the seedling should be at the level of the soil, and if in the spring it should be 3-5 cm higher. Subject to the conditions of proper planting and care, the tree grows and bears fruit. However, the pear can also dry out due to exposure of the root neck (the place where the trunk goes to the root). This place can be open from frost when the earth pushes a tree. Another cause of exposure is the improper planting of the pear. If this happens, sprinkle the neck with earth.

Why the pear dries: weather reasons

Pear trees are very susceptible to waterlogging. If small branches begin to dry out on the tree - this is the first sign that indicates a problem with the root system. Of course, with water, plants get the necessary nutrients, but its overabundance is harmful to pears.

In rainy seasons, fruit trees are more prone to such diseases. With excessive moisture in the soil, the air is forced out of it, the root system, deprived of oxygen, begins to decay and gradually dies. First, root hairs die, and then the process of decay passes to thick roots. The crown crumbles, the branches dry and the tree dies. Most often, mature and old pears are subject to this phenomenon, their roots are in the deep layers of the earth and therefore they are more likely than young trees to be soaked in the root system. To prevent this from happening, you need to consider some features when landing:

You can not plant fruit trees in those places on the site where under the top layer of soil clay, gravel or sand;

Groundwater should be at least 2 meters from the surface of the earth.

Young trees 3-5 years are less susceptible to waterlogging of the soil, because their roots are located close to the surface of the earth. To eliminate overmoistening of the soil, it is necessary to drain it. To do this, add humus or peat to the soil.

It is important not to overdo it, because in excessively sandy or peaty soil, the roots are prone to drying out in the winter. This happens at low temperatures or with sudden fluctuations in temperature: from thaw to frost. To prevent this from happening, experienced gardeners recommend abundant winter watering. The roots are covered with ice crust, which protects them from drying out.

The vitality of trees depends largely on climatic conditions, especially on humidity. With insufficient moisture, the leaves turn black and fall off. If the air is too dry, even abundant watering of the pear does not help, therefore, varieties of pears that are sensitive to dryness must be moistened with a drip.

Why a pear dries: pests and diseases

The mole may also be the culprit for drying the pear. He does not gnaw the roots of trees, but the passages dug by him form voids, the root system, due to the lack of contact with the ground, does not receive mineral and organic substances and begins to dry out. It is easy to detect a mole; the soil around the tree will collapse when walking. There are several ways to deal with harmful animals:

Abundantly water the tree, thereby bringing down the passages and giving food to the roots;

Dig into the ground “noise” - devices that produce noise when the wind blows. You can make them yourself, for example, from plastic bottles, cans or buy in a hardware store. Moles do not like to make their burrows in noisy places.

Drying of the pear can also occur due to infection with fungal spores. Such a probability is possible if, during pruning, the instruments were not disinfected with vitriol. Scab first affects the leaves, then the flowers and fruits. Leaves turn black, dry and fall. In this case, you need to cut dry branches evenly and without chipping to a healthy part, lubricate the cut with garden varnish so that air and water do not touch the wound.

Scab is treated with antibiotics by treating the tree and the ground around it. Affected leaves and branches need to be burned so that the infection does not affect neighboring trees.

A bacterial burn can also be a cause of tree disease. Bacterial infection manifests itself in spring or early summer. A tree is infected through cracks or nectaries of flowers. The disease is transmitted as well when pruning through an infected tool. First, the edges of the leaves darken, then the blackness spreads over the entire sheet, they curl and dry out.

If a young tree is affected, the disease develops rapidly, tissue death and drying out. Typically, these trees are cut down and burned. If the disease attacks an adult tree, there is a chance of saving it. Abundantly spray leaves and flowers with antibiotics. To avoid the spread of infection in the future when pruning trees, it is necessary to process the tools in a solution of boric acid.

The gall mite inflicts great harm. These small insects 0.2 mm long feed on leaf juice. Adult mites hibernate under the scales of the kidneys, where females lay their eggs in spring.

With this disease, the leaves wrap and red swellings appear on them. Heavily damaged by ticks, the leaves turn black, dry out and fall off. A sick tree needs to be treated with an appropriate herbicide or infusions of dandelion, mustard, chamomile. Larvae and ticks must be destroyed on time, as they develop in 2-3 generations, bringing the pear to dry.

Why the pear dries: unknown reasons

What to do if you have tried all methods of controlling the drying of a pear and none of the above reasons is suitable for your particular case?

In such cases, experienced gardeners acknowledge that the pear could not realize its natural potential, was too weak for growth and fruiting. If it is still small - try transplanting it to another place, pour it with Kornevin, spray it with Epin or Zircon and leave it alone.

Perhaps your pear does not like too much attention?